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Nikon 18mm f/4 AI-s — Bokeh & Optical Ray-Tracing Simulator
Interactive 3D portrait ray-traced through the published US3572901A optical prescription (14 elements in 9 groups) with a 4.5 mm entrance pupil and 0.3 m minimum focus.
Optical & Portrait Specifications (Upper Body Framing)
| Optical & Portrait Metric | Measured / Patent Value | What It Means in Practice |
|---|---|---|
| Patent Prescription | US3572901A · 14 elements in 9 groups | Traced surface by surface in WebGL2 |
| Entrance Pupil Diameter | 4.5 mm (at f/4) | Controls distant background blur disc size |
| Corner Bokeh Roundness (90% Field) | 66% at f/4 · -1.3 EV | Mechanical vignetting (cat’s-eye vs. round corner highlights) |
| Background Field of View (Compression) | 94° horizontal | Width of the background room visible behind the subject |
| Upper-Body Working Distance | 0.76 m | Camera-to-subject distance for head-to-waist framing |
| Effective Focal Length (Breathing) | 16.8 mm (-6.5%) | Actual framing focal length at portrait distance |
| Depth of Field (Sharp Zone) | 74 cm (54 cm – 1.28 m) | Sharp zone at wide-open aperture |
| Minimum Focus Distance | 0.3 m | Closest focusing distance from the sensor |
Questions
How much background blur and corner cat's-eye does the Nikon 18mm f/4 AI-s produce?
Wide open at f/4, the Nikon 18mm f/4 AI-s has a 4.5 mm entrance pupil (18 mm ÷ 4) and 66% bokeh roundness in the 90% corner (-1.3 EV corner falloff). In an upper-body portrait at 0.76 m, the sharp depth-of-field zone spans 74 cm (54 cm to 1.28 m) with a 94° horizontal background angle of view.
Does the Nikon 18mm f/4 AI-s show focus breathing at portrait distance?
Based on patent US3572901A, tracing the focusing group at 0.76 m gives an effective framing focal length of 16.8 mm (-6.5% vs. the nominal 18 mm). You can toggle "Match subject size" in the simulator to see the framing shift live.
What optical design is inside the Nikon 18mm f/4 AI-s?
The patent prescription (US3572901A) specifies 14 lens elements in 9 groups. The interactive Optical X-Ray above traces rays through every surface in real time.
Related comparisons
- Nikon 18mm f/2.8D FX
- Nikon 19mm f/4 PC-E FX
- Nikon AF-S 20mm f/1.8G ED
- Nikon 16mm f/2.8 AI-s Fisheye
- Nikon 20mm f/2.8 AI-s
- Nikon 20mm f/4 AI
Compare with similar portrait lenses
Also see: depth of field, bokeh, crop factor, lens compression.